• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a thermodynamic water heater (1) comprising a domestic hot water storage tank (2), coupled to a heat pump (3) for heating the domestic hot water contained in said storage tank (2). storage (2), the storage tank (2) being surrounded on at least a part of its surface by a layer of a thermal insulation material (24). According to the invention, this water heater comprises a jacket (5), filled with a heat transfer fluid and in thermal communication with said layer of thermal insulation material (24) in order to recover the thermal energy emanating from it. ci, this jacket (5) being connected to a heat exchanger device (6) for transferring the heat of said coolant to the refrigerant of the heat pump (3).
    公开号:FR3022989A1
    申请号:FR1455893
    申请日:2014-06-25
    公开日:2016-01-01
    发明作者:Mihai Radulescu；Cedric Teuillieres
    申请人:Electricite de France SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a thermodynamic water heater comprising a hot water storage tank (hereinafter referred to as "DHW"), coupled to a heat pump (hereinafter referred to as PAC), the heat pump allowing the heating or at least the preheating of the DHW contained in the flask. STATE OF THE ART The vast majority of thermodynamic water heaters use outside air as a source of heat, also known as a "cold source". Two types of thermodynamic water heaters in which the cold source of the heat pump is the outdoor air are now available on the market. The first type, shown schematically in Figure 1 attached, is called "monobloc thermodynamic water heater". In Figure 1, it can be seen that this water heater comprises a balloon B and a heat pump PAC. The balloon is connected at its base to an external cold water supply source EF and at its upper end to a DHW distribution pipe in the building in which the water heater is located. An electrical resistance R placed in the balloon B is used to heat the water therein. The PAC conventionally comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a pressure reducer (not shown in the figure) successively mounted on a refrigerant circuit C which connects them to each other. The circulation of the refrigerant is ensured by the compressor. A sheath G is mounted on the cap and provides air circulation at the evaporator of the heat pump, so that the calories recovered in the outside air allow the heating of the circulating refrigerant to the level of the evaporator. In the vast majority of cases, the condenser is constituted by a pipe inside which the refrigerant circulates, this pipe being wound around the balloon B, in contact with its outer wall, and under a layer of insulating material ( not shown in the figure). The heat exchange occurs at the condenser and has the effect of heating the DHW contained in the balloon, thereby reducing the use of the use of the electrical resistance R. If the initial location of the balloon B of the heater water is not close to a wall leading to the outside of the building, the installation of the thermodynamic water heater is difficult since the sheath G must cross several walls before reaching an outside wall. We then use a water heater called "split thermodynamic water heater", shown in Figure 2 attached. The same elements as those of Figure 1 have the same numerical references. This water heater differs from the previous one in that the heat pump is installed outside the building. The calories recovered by exchange with the outside air are transported via the refrigerant circuit C to the outer wall of the tank B, in order to heat the contents. It is noted that there are pressure drops inside the refrigerant circuit C, and that these depend on the distance between the heat pump and the balloon B. The two types of thermodynamic water heaters mentioned above 20 in addition the same disadvantages. First, the performance of a thermodynamic water heater depends heavily on the outside air temperature. In winter, or as soon as the outside air is too cold, for example as soon as it reaches a temperature below -5 ° C, the heat pump can not be used because the outside air does not allow to bring calories . It is then necessary to use the electrical resistance R for the production of domestic hot water. This results in an overall efficiency of the water heater much lower than is the case when the outside air is warmer. In addition, the ECS is stored in the balloon B for quite long periods of time. However, there are losses of thermal energy at the balloon, related to the fact that the heat passes through the wall of the balloon B and the layer of thermal insulation material disposed around the balloon, to dissipate into the ambient air of the balloon. the room in which this balloon is located B. These thermal losses of the balloon B also greatly reduce the overall performance of the thermodynamic water heater.
    [0002] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a thermodynamic water heater whose thermal energy losses of the storage tank of DHW are no longer lost but instead recovered and upgraded, in order to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the water heater. This coefficient of performance is defined as the amount of heat produced on the quantity of electricity consumed. The invention also aims to improve more specifically the performance of the PAC associated with the balloon. For this purpose, the invention relates to a thermodynamic water heater comprising a hot water storage tank, coupled to a heat pump which allows the heating of the domestic hot water contained in said storage tank, the storage tank storage being surrounded on at least a portion of its surface by a layer of thermal insulation material. According to the invention, this water heater comprises a jacket, filled with a heat transfer fluid and in thermal communication with said layer of thermal insulation material in order to recover the thermal energy emanating from it, this jacket being connected a heat exchanger device 20 for transferring the heat of said coolant to the refrigerant of the heat pump. According to other advantageous and nonlimiting features of the invention, taken alone or in combination: said jacket is positioned outside and in contact with said layer of thermal insulation material; the heat exchanger device is a coolant / refrigerant exchanger, such as a plate exchanger, arranged on the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump, downstream of the evaporator and upstream of the compressor of this pump heat exchanger and heat exchanger fluid / refrigerant is connected to the jacket by a circuit provided with a training pump; the heat exchanger device is a coolant / air heat exchanger, coupled to the evaporator of the heat pump which constitutes an air / refrigerant exchanger, this heat exchanger fluid / air being disposed in the air inlet of said evaporator and being connected to the jacket by a circuit provided with a driving pump; the air is outside air and the coolant / air heat exchanger is disposed in the outside air intake of said evaporator; the heat exchanger device is a spraying device coupled to the evaporator of the heat pump, this spraying device being connected to the jacket via a first valve, such as a solenoid valve, and makes it possible to spray the fins of the evaporator of the heat pump with the thermal fluid of the jacket, said evaporator constituting an air / refrigerant exchanger; - The jacket is connected to the water supply network via a second valve, such as a solenoid valve; - A jacket water temperature sensor is disposed between the jacket and the heat exchanger device; an air temperature sensor supplying the evaporator of the heat pump is arranged at the air inlet of the evaporator; at least one of the first valve, the second valve, the drive pump, the jacket water temperature sensor and the air temperature sensor supplying the evaporator. the heat pump is controlled by a central control unit which also controls the operation of the heat pump; - The water heater comprises a second layer of a thermal insulation material, disposed outside the jacket and in contact with the outer wall thereof; and it comprises an additional reservoir in heat-transfer fluid communication with said jacket.
    [0003] PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the description which will now be made, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which represent, by way of indication but not limitation, a possible embodiment. In these drawings: FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating thermodynamic water heaters according to the state of the art; FIGS. 3 to 5 are diagrams representing three different embodiments of the thermodynamic water heater according to FIG. the invention, and - Figure 6 is a diagram showing a thermodynamic water heater known from the state of the art, but modified to operate according to the invention.
    [0004] DETAILED DESCRIPTION A first embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 3. In this figure, a thermodynamic water heater 1 15 can be seen comprising a balloon 2, coupled to a heat pump 3, the latter being controlled by a central control unit 4. The balloon 2 comprises a wall 21 which defines an enclosure 20, inside which is stored the domestic hot water ECS. This balloon 2 is connected, at its bottom, to a pipe 20 for supplying cold water 22, itself connected to the cold water distribution network. The balloon 2 is also connected, at its upper part, to a pipe 23 for distributing DHW, connected to different points of draw, not shown in the figure. The flask 2 may also be equipped with an additional heating electrical resistance disposed inside the enclosure 20, preferably in its lower part, this resistance being not shown in the figure. The wall 21 of the balloon is preferably surrounded on all or almost all of its outer surface by a layer of a heat-insulating material 24 whose function is to limit the thermal losses of the balloon 2. In such a way, Conventional, the PAC 3 comprises a compressor 31, a condenser 32, a pressure reducer 33 and an evaporator 34, mounted in series on a refrigerant circuit 35. According to a first variant embodiment (as represented in FIG. 3) the condenser 32 comprises a pipe 320 disposed around at least a portion of the wall 21 of the balloon 2, more precisely between this wall 21 and the layer of insulating material 24. This pipe 320 is wound, for example, so that 2. A second embodiment of the condenser 32 could also be used. This variant is shown only in Figures 4 and 5 for simplification purposes. In this case, the condenser 32 is a refrigerant / DHW heat exchanger and is connected via an inlet pipe 201 and an outlet pipe 202 inside the enclosure 20. A pump 203 preferably placed on the pipe 201 circulates the DHW in the condenser 32 where it is heated. The pump 203 is controlled by the central unit 4. The operation of the heat pump is as follows. Air A is here used as a "cold source", and the calories recovered in this air A are transferred to the refrigerant, in the evaporator 34, by heat exchange between the air A and the fins and portions of the circuit. of the evaporator inside which the refrigerant circulates. This has the effect of vaporizing the refrigerant which is at low pressure. In the compressor 31, the refrigerant is compressed and its temperature increases. When the fluid reaches the condenser 32, it releases the calories, by heat exchange, which has the effect of heating the DHW contained in the balloon 2. At the outlet of the condenser 32, the cooled refrigerant is returned to the liquid state, then it enters the regulator 33 where it returns to low pressure and low temperature, before starting a new heat exchange cycle. The air is preferably outside air (coming from outside the building). One could also use the air of an unheated room of the building or the air extracted from this building by ventilation. According to the invention, and in order to reduce heat losses, the balloon 2 and its thermal insulation layer 24 are surrounded by a jacket 5. This jacket 5 comprises two walls, inside and outside, spaced apart from each other. the other, so as to provide between them an enclosure which contains a heat transfer fluid. The inner wall of the jacket is in contact with the layer of thermal insulation material 24.
    [0005] This heat transfer fluid is preferably "technical" water, that is to say water unfit for consumption and not used as sanitary water. Other heat transfer fluids could also be envisaged, for example brine (water-glycol mixture).
    [0006] The jacket 5 is connected, via a pipe 51 equipped with a heat transfer fluid entrainment pump 52, to a heat exchanger device 6 which makes it possible to transfer the heat of the coolant circulating inside the jacket 5 to the refrigerant of the heat pump 3. The operation of the pump 52 is controlled by the central control unit 4. The heat exchanger device 6 is further connected by a return line 53 to the jacket 5, preferably at a point located at the bottom of it. The pipe 51 is in turn connected preferably to the upper part of the jacket 5.
    [0007] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, this heat exchanger device 6 is a heat exchanger 60, for example a plate heat exchanger, inside which a direct heat exchange is carried out through a wall which is contact on one side with the refrigerant of the circuit 35 of the heat pump and on the other with the heat transfer fluid of the circuit of the jacket 5.
    [0008] This heat exchanger 60 is disposed on the refrigerant circuit 35 of the heat pump, downstream of the evaporator 34 and upstream of the compressor 31, with respect to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant inside the circuit 35. Operation of the water heater 1 is described below.
    [0009] The jacket 5 is in contact with the thermal insulation layer 24, so as to be in thermal communication therewith. Calories (thermal losses) pass through the insulation layer 24. They are recovered by the coolant contained in the jacket 5. This heat transfer fluid warms slowly a few degrees to stabilize to a temperature which is preferably of about 25 ° C. This warm heat transfer fluid circulates in the heat exchanger 60, where it transfers its calories to the refrigerant 35 which has itself already recovered from the cold source, at the evaporator 34. Preferably, a temperature sensor 54 is installed on the coolant circuit, outside the jacket 5, preferably further upstream of the pump 52. This temperature sensor 54 makes it possible to measure the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the jacket 5, and this sensor 54 sends the value of the measured temperature to the central control unit 4. Also preferably, another temperature sensor 340, placed at the inlet of the evaporator 34, makes it possible to measure the temperature of the air 5 entering. This sensor also sends this information to the central control unit 4. The central control unit 4 is equipped with a program that makes it possible to compare the values of the temperatures provided by the sensors 54 and 340. 10 When the temperature of the fluid coolant measured by the sensor 54 is greater than the air temperature (outside), the central unit 4 starts the pump 52, so that the heat exchange can be performed at the exchanger 60. Conversely, if the temperature measured by the sensor 54 is lower than the temperature of the outside air measured by the sensor 340, the central unit 4 then controls the stopping of the pump 52, so as not to degrade the operation. of the PAC 3 and not to cool the refrigerant or risk frosting the coolant. Preferably, when the sensor 54 sends to the central unit 4, 20 information concerning the fact that the temperature of the coolant is less than a threshold value, (for example about 10 ° C.), the central unit 4 also stops the operation of the pump 52, to avoid continuing to cool the heat transfer fluid and then increase the thermal losses of the balloon 2. A second embodiment of the invention will now be described in connection with FIG. The same elements as those of the embodiment of Figure 3 bear the same reference numerals and will therefore not be described again in detail. The thermodynamic water heater of FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 3 by its heat exchanger device 6. This device 6 is a heat exchanger 61 coolant / air, coupled to the evaporator 34 which constitutes an air / fluid exchanger refrigerant. The exchanger 61 is placed at the air inlet of the evaporator 34. The heat exchanger 61 is preferably a tube exchanger, in particular with a finned tube. It allows a heat exchange between the heat transfer fluid from the jacket 5 and the air entering the evaporator 34 to preheat it before entering the evaporator 34. The air thus preheated will then transfer its calories to the refrigerant circulating in the circuit 35 of the PAC 3. This second embodiment also has the advantage of being able to be installed in renovation, on an existing thermodynamic water heater. This possibility is represented in FIG. 6. The elements identical to those in FIG. 4 bear the same numerical references. A jacket 5 is placed around the balloon 2 and around the thermal insulation layer 24 not shown in FIG. 6. This jacket 10 does not necessarily cover the entire outer surface of the balloon 2. The heat exchanger device 61 is positioned in the outer air supply duct 37 connected to the heat pump 3. Finally, the jacket 5 is connected to the heat exchanger 61, as previously described. The operation is the same. A third embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 5. The elements identical to those of the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 bear the same numerical references. The thermodynamic water heater 1 differs from the previous ones by its heat exchanger device 6. In this case, the device 6 is a spraying device 62, coupled to the evaporator 34. The device 62, such as a spray, allows to spray the fins or tubes of the evaporator 34 inside which circulates the refrigerant 35, with the heat transfer fluid from the jacket 5. In addition, a solenoid valve 55 is advantageously arranged on the 25 pipe 51 which connects the jacket 5 to the device 62. This solenoid valve 55 is controlled by the central control unit 4. In addition, the jacket 5 is connected, preferably at its lower end, to a cold water supply pipe 56, connected to the water supply network. This water is the heat transfer fluid. When the measuring sensor 340 of the outside air temperature detects that this air is particularly cold, that is to say less than a threshold value, for example of 5 ° C., it sends the information to the central unit 4. It is also possible to provide a humidity sensor for the air entering the evaporator 34, this sensor, not shown in the figures, also returning information on the degree of humidity to the air. Central Unit 4.
    [0010] When the air is below the threshold temperature, the central unit 4 can then act on the solenoid valve 55 to allow the passage of water to the spraying device 62, as well as to the solenoid valve 57 to allow a new water supply for the jacket 5.
    [0011] The spraying device 62 also makes it possible to de-ice the fins of the evaporator 34. The overall performance of the heat pump is improved because it is no longer necessary to use the compressor 31 to perform the defrosting. For the different embodiments that have just been described, it is possible according to a variant, to add a layer of additional thermal insulation material, referenced 25, disposed outside the jacket 5 and in contact with the wall outside of it. This layer 25 is shown only in FIG. 4 for simplification purposes. In this case, the balloon 2 of the thermodynamic water heater has a double insulation and the jacket 5 recovers almost all the heat losses. Similarly, for the various embodiments that have just been described, it is possible to vary the volume of coolant contained in the jacket 5. To do this, and in order not to increase the thickness of the jacket 20 5, it is possible to provide an additional reservoir 50, preferably in the upper part of the jacket, as shown in FIG. 4. The volume of the jacket 5 and the tank 50 can be adapted to increase the performance of the water heater Thermodynamics 1. It will be appreciated that a low volume jacket increases more rapidly in temperature but stores less heat. On the other hand, a jacket 5 of larger volume, or even equipped with the tank 50, can store more calories, but it takes longer to heat and capture the calories from the balloon 2. The device according to the present invention many advantages. Whatever the embodiment used, the jacket 5 is at atmospheric pressure and does not require a complex structure or the use of sophisticated materials resistant to high pressures. The performance of a thermodynamic water heater, as measured by its coefficient of performance (COP), is strongly related to the temperature of the cold source (here the outside air). The heat exchanges between the heat transfer fluid contained in the jacket 5 on the one hand and on the other hand, the refrigerant of the circuit 35 or the external air entering the evaporator 34 are increased by the temperature difference between the fluid coolant and refrigerant or air.
    [0012] The useful heat of the jacket 5 is therefore used more when the temperature of the outside air is low and therefore when the coefficient of performance of the heat pump is precisely low. Finally, it will be noted that, in the first two embodiments, the pump 52 of the circuit of the jacket 5 is started simultaneously with the PAC, (via the central unit 4). The pressure losses inside the coolant circuit are therefore very low and the power consumption of the pump 52 is therefore also.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Thermodynamic water heater (1) comprising a domestic hot water storage tank (2), coupled to a heat pump (3) for heating the domestic hot water contained in said storage tank (2), the storage balloon (2) being surrounded on at least a part of its surface by a layer of a thermal insulation material (24), characterized in that it comprises a jacket (5), filled with a heat transfer fluid and in thermal communication with said layer of thermal insulation material (24) to recover thermal energy emanating therefrom, and in that said jacket (5) is connected to a heat exchanger device (6). ) for transferring the heat of said coolant to the refrigerant of the heat pump (3).
    [0002]
    2. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said jacket (5) is positioned outside and in contact with said layer of thermal insulation material (24).
    [0003]
    3. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger device (6) is a coolant / refrigerant exchanger (60), such as a plate heat exchanger, arranged on the refrigerant circuit (35) of the heat pump (3), downstream of the evaporator (34) and upstream of the compressor (31) of this heat pump and in that this coolant / fluid heat exchanger refrigerant (60) is connected to the jacket (5) 20 by a circuit (51, 53) provided with a drive pump (52).
    [0004]
    4. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger device (6) is a coolant / air heat exchanger (61), coupled to the evaporator (34) of the pump heat exchanger (3) which constitutes an air / refrigerant exchanger, this heat exchanger fluid / air exchanger (61) being disposed in the air inlet of said evaporator (34) and being connected to the jacket (5) by a circuit (51, 53) provided with a drive pump (52).
    [0005]
    5. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the air is outside air and in that the coolant / air heat exchanger (61) is disposed in the outside air intake said evaporator (34). 30
    [0006]
    6. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger device (6) is a spraying device (62), coupled to the evaporator (34) of the pump. heat, this spraying device (62) being connected to the jacket (5) via a first valve (55), such as a solenoid valve, and allows to spray the fins of the evaporator (34) of the heat pump (3) with the coolant of the jacket (5), said evaporator (34) constituting an air exchanger / refrigerant.
    [0007]
    7. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the jacket (5) is connected to the water supply network via a second valve (57), such as a solenoid valve.
    [0008]
    8. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor (54) of the water temperature of the jacket is disposed between the jacket (5) and the heat exchanger device. heat (6). 10
    [0009]
    9. Thermodynamic water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor (340) of the air temperature supplying the evaporator (34) of the heat pump is disposed at air inlet of the evaporator.
    [0010]
    10. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the elements selected from the first valve (55), the second valve (57), the pump of drive (52), the sensor (54) of the water temperature of the jacket and the sensor (340) of the air temperature supplying the evaporator of the heat pump is controlled by a central control unit (4) which also controls the operation of the heat pump (3).
    [0011]
    11. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second layer of a thermal insulation material (25) disposed outside the jacket (5). and in contact with the outer wall thereof. 25
    [0012]
    12. thermodynamic water heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an additional reservoir (50) in heat transfer fluid communication with said jacket (5).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3022989B1|2017-07-07|
    GB201511035D0|2015-08-05|
    GB2528173A|2016-01-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1466239A|1974-02-19|1977-03-02|Imi Santon Ltd|Thermally insulated hot water storage container|
    US20140144919A1|2012-11-27|2014-05-29|Turki Awwad Al-Dhafiri|Insulated water tank|
    US20140157814A1|2012-12-07|2014-06-12|General Electric Company|Heat pump water heater assembly|FR3088990A1|2018-11-23|2020-05-29|Electricité de France|Heating system|GB2070744A|1980-02-28|1981-09-09|Panetta B F|Hot water storage tanks|
    EP2282153A1|2009-06-26|2011-02-09|OS Teknik|Dual tank for room and tap water heating|
    FR2953000B1|2009-11-25|2012-11-16|Electricite De France|WATER HEATER DEVICE WITH RECOVERY OF THERMAL LOSSES|FR3033033A1|2015-02-24|2016-08-26|Electricite De France|HOT WATER BALLOON DEVICE HAVING A HEAT EXCHANGER|
    CN106091360A|2016-06-22|2016-11-09|程思燕|A kind of water heater|
    CN106091359A|2016-06-22|2016-11-09|程思燕|A kind of power-saving water heater with heat-insulation layer|
    CN109572101B|2018-11-30|2021-09-14|天津市城安热电有限公司|Heat exchanger heat insulation material and preparation method thereof|
    EP3742057A1|2019-05-21|2020-11-25|Georg Fischer JRG AG|Heat recovery|
    法律状态:
    2015-06-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-01-01| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160101 |
    2016-07-08| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-06-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1455893A|FR3022989B1|2014-06-25|2014-06-25|THERMODYNAMIC WATER HEATER|FR1455893A| FR3022989B1|2014-06-25|2014-06-25|THERMODYNAMIC WATER HEATER|
    GB1511035.6A| GB2528173A|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Thermodynamic boiler|
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